[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/menic-napatie-z-12v-dc-na-230v-ac\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/menic-napatie-z-12v-dc-na-230v-ac\/","headline":"Meni\u010d nap\u00e4tie z 12V DC na 230V AC","name":"Meni\u010d nap\u00e4tie z 12V DC na 230V AC","description":"Meni\u010d nap\u00e4tia z 12v na 230v je zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 kdeko\u013evek a men\u00ed na\u0161e nap\u00e4tie z jednosmern\u00e9ho na striedav\u00e9. Ak chceme zmeni\u0165 12V","datePublished":"2023-01-22","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7ca2d940d0ae3b24fc759c0201b34a0f70fe6611e5abefd5978e89211a09cdfd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/7ca2d940d0ae3b24fc759c0201b34a0f70fe6611e5abefd5978e89211a09cdfd?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"starlet.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schema%20meni%C4%8Da.png","url":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/Schema%20meni%C4%8Da.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.starlet.sk\/menic-napatie-z-12v-dc-na-230v-ac\/","about":["Tovar"],"wordCount":577,"articleBody":"        Meni\u010d nap\u00e4tia z 12v na 230v je zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 kdeko\u013evek a men\u00ed na\u0161e nap\u00e4tie z jednosmern\u00e9ho na striedav\u00e9. Ak chceme zmeni\u0165 12V DC, \u010do znamen\u00e1 jednosmern\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, \u010do je napr\u00edklad pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako baterka v automobiloch, na 230V AC, \u010do znamen\u00e1 striedav\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie to je najviac pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 u n\u00e1s doma a to v na\u0161ich z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch. Na nap\u00e4tie v na\u0161ej z\u00e1suvke m\u00f4\u017eeme pou\u017ei\u0165 mnoho spotrebi\u010dov. Na druhej strane elektrika je dobr\u00fdm sluhom, no zl\u00fdm p\u00e1nom. Treba si d\u00e1va\u0165 pozor na to \u010do rob\u00edme a \u010di to rob\u00edme spr\u00e1vne. V z\u00e1suvke m\u00e1me 230V AC a toto nap\u00e4tie je \u017eivotu nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. Na premenu nap\u00e4tia z 12V DC na 230V AC potrebujeme zdroj jednosmern\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, nejak\u00fd v\u00fdkonov\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor a transform\u00e1tor, a tie si teraz pop\u00ed\u0161eme: Zdroj je nejak\u00fd pr\u00edsun energie, ktor\u00fa potrebujeme takzvane zdroj n\u00e1m zabezpe\u010d\u00ed pr\u00edvod nap\u00e4tia do obvodu, spotrebi\u010da to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 napr. bat\u00e9ria z auta t\u00e1 m\u00e1 12V. V\u00fdkonov\u00fd oscil\u00e1tor je v podstate pr\u00edstroj, ktor\u00fd kmit\u00e1, takzvane rob\u00ed ten ist\u00fd pohyb hore a dole vieme poveda\u0165, \u017ee priebeh sa opakuje. Tento pr\u00edstroj n\u00e1m na\u0161e kmitanie e\u0161te viac rozkmit\u00e1 a vznikne n\u00e1m priebeh ktor\u00fd bude v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed. Transform\u00e1tor je v podstate neto\u010div\u00fd stroj, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 2 cievky tie vieme nazva\u0165 aj vinutia. V prvom vinut\u00ed sa vytvor\u00ed magnetick\u00e9 pole a potom sa za\u010dne indukova\u0165 sekund\u00e1rne vinutie. No nesmieme zabudn\u00fa\u0165 \u017ee v z\u00e1suvke nem\u00e1me len nap\u00e4tie ale aj ur\u010dit\u00fa nejak\u00fa frekvenciu ako \u010dasto ten sign\u00e1l ide. V na\u0161ich z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch to je 50Hz. Frekvencia m\u00e1 2 polovlny. Prv\u00e1 je z\u00e1porn\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017eeme to nazva\u0165 aj z\u00e1porn\u00fd priebeh. Druh\u00e1 je kladn\u00e1, m\u00f4\u017eeme to nazva\u0165 kladn\u00fd priebeh. 50 Hz – Hertzov v podstate znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sa tento priebeh v jednotke \u010dasu to je sekunda, zmen\u00ed p\u00e4\u0165desiat kr\u00e1t. \u010ci\u017ee sa strieda kladn\u00fd a z\u00e1porn\u00fd priebeh. Vznik\u00e1 tzv. \u201es\u00ednusovka, ktor\u00e1 vyzer\u00e1 n\u00e1zorne: No prejdime k na\u0161ej v\u00fdrobe  https:\/\/www.profesia.sk\/praca\/vyroba\/ meni\u010da. N\u00e1jdeme sch\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 zodpoved\u00e1 v\u00fdrobe n\u00e1\u0161ho meni\u010da z 12V DC na 230V AC: Ako u\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 z sch\u00e9my potrebujeme aj Integrovan\u00fd obvod (IO1) radu 4047, ten sa star\u00e1 o t\u00fa v\u00fdrobu 50 Hertzov. Tento integrovan\u00fd obvod u\u017e v sebe m\u00e1 Invertor no my sme si ho umelo dotvorili. Dorobili sme si ho 2 opera\u010dn\u00fdmi zosil\u0148ova\u010dmi radu LM358, tie sa postaraj\u00fa o oto\u010denie f\u00e1zy o 180 stup\u0148ov. Pre ka\u017ed\u00fa vetvu \u010do tam m\u00e1me je ur\u010den\u00e1 jedna \u0161tvorica, ktor\u00e1 ma emitorov\u00e9 odpory, ktor\u00e1 pravidelne sp\u00edna na\u0161e nap\u00e4tie baterky do prim\u00e1rneho vinutia transform\u00e1tora. Taktie\u017e tieto odpory by sa mali postara\u0165 o rovnomern\u00e9 rozdelenie pr\u00fadu medzi \u0161tvoricami. Na tieto dve \u0161tvorice pou\u017eijeme dve chladi\u010de, ktor\u00e9 by v pohode mali st\u00edha\u0165 chladi\u0165 tieto \u0161tvorice tranzistorov. Obvod taktie\u017e treba zaisti\u0165, ako vid\u00edme je tam 50A – Amperov\u00e1 poistka. Proti n\u00e1hodn\u00e9mu vyhodeniu v pr\u00edpade nejak\u00e9mu probl\u00e9mu, ak by nastal. Teraz by malo by\u0165 v\u0161etko pripraven\u00e9 a v\u00e1\u0161 meni\u010d je hotov\u00fd u\u017e len ho napoji\u0165 a v\u0161etko by malo fungova\u0165 tak ako m\u00e1.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  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